Ningaloo Niño/Niña in CMIP6 Models: Characteristics, Mechanisms, and Climate Impacts

Abstract As a dominant climate mode of the southeast Indian Ocean, Ningaloo Niño/Niña has paramount impacts on regional and marine ecosystems. Using outputs from latest phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we have systematically evaluated simulation in state‐of‐the‐art coupled models. Eighteen out 28 CMIP6 models well reproduce spatial pattern seasonality Niño/Niña, whereas simulated amplitudes show large spread across Main processes oceanic atmospheric El Niño‐Southern Oscillation teleconnections coastal Bjerknes feedback are successfully captured by most models, but their uncertainties responsible for inter‐model difference amplitude. The also skillful reproducing Niño/Niña. Compared to Phase 5, larger fraction which provides good hope projecting its future changes.